Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown

Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism. Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibility of humanity and in the existence of moral absolutes. According to Nancy Bunge, Hawthorne naturally centers his story upon a Puritan protagonist to convey the self-righteous that he regards as the antithesis of wisdom(4). Consequently, Young†¦show more content†¦This contrast is easily revealed in the following sentence: the wind tolled like a distant church-bell, and sometimes gave a broad roar around the traveler, as if all Nature were laughing him to scorn (Hawthorne 1204). Whereas the wind affectionately plays with Faiths pink ribbons, it noisily taunts Young Goodman Brown. Also, as Nina Baym suggests, both the wind and the pink ribbons may, in fact, provide concrete symbols that link the saving power of the woman with her body and through her body to Nature (138). Hawthorne visually enhances the ambiguity surrounding Faiths dual role in nature through his repetitive and symbolic use of the pink ribbons. There is deceit and uncertainty in the very color pink that exists somewhere between the extremes of white, representing grace and purity, and red, symbolizing fiery passion and sin. However, Young Goodman Brown, in his naà ¯ve belief of moral absolutes, is unable to decide upon the essentially complex double meaning that may be behind the very being of Faiths character. As a result, he sees Faith gracefully adorned with her pink ribbons, as the essence of angelic purity. Young Goodman Browns inability to acknowledge, and even embrace Faiths humanity, leads to the climatic loss of his faith in the forest. He beholds the pink ribbon that hasShow MoreRelated Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†; this essay hopes to explore this problem.    Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† makes a statement regarding Hawthorne’s ambiguity:      Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibriumRead MoreEssay on The Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ambiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†      Ã‚  Ã‚     The literary critics agree that there is considerable ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† This essay intends to illustrate the previous statement and to analyze the cause of this ambiguity.    Henry James in Hawthorne, when discussing â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† comments on how imaginative it is, then mentions how allegorical Hawthorne is, and how allegory should be expressed clearly:    I frankly confess that I haveRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown:: Analyzing Browns Identity1190 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne sets the locale of the story during the Salem witch trials at his convenience to include the Calvinist theme of sin, that belief in which formed the early history of New England’s social and spiritual identity. As a dark romantic, Hawthorne includes the elements of human nature, mysticism, good and evil, and one’s own spirituality to convey his message to the reader. However, it is left to the reader’s own digression to interpret his ambiguousRead More Essay on The Value of Dreams in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown723 Words   |  3 Pages Young Goodman Brown:nbsp; The Value of Dreams Young Goodman Brownnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Birthmarknbsp; nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthornes stories Young Goodman Brown and The Birthmark both make use of dreams to affect the story and reveal the central characters. With each story, the dreams presented are extremely beneficial to the development of the story as they give the reader a new view of the plot itself, or the characters within. At the same time, however, it becomes difficult to determineRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 Pages This was the Romanticism Period. An incredible number of miraculous masterpieces were contrived during this period of enlightenment, including Nathaniel Hawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we liv e in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Young Goodman Brown Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Sprute AP English Mrs. Berry 4 October 2016 Humanity is Destined to be Maple I. Introduction A. First paragraph of introduction 1. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a dark romantic short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne originally published in 1835. 2. Set in 17th century New England, Hawthorne utilizes this short story to convey his distaste for the Salem Witch Trials and his great-grandfather, John Hathorne’s participation as a judge. In addition, he demonstrates the Puritan idea that all humansRead MoreSymbolism in Writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesMolineux, lead character, young Robin, comes to town with the expectation of a distant relative handing him a silver spoon. In this story Hawthorne uses the light and dark to represent good and evil. When Robin first arrives in town It was near nine oclock of a moonlight evening (584). In this description early on we see the contrast of light and dark combined. It is nine oclock and it is evening, however the light of the moon was shining. This shows the uncertainty of Robins journey earlyRead More Comparing the Use of Light and Dark by Melville, Poe, and Hawthorne3135 Words   |  13 Pagesoften clue us in by using differing degrees of lig ht. The presence of darkness and light is probably the most apparent in Hawthornes pieces, and Young Goodman Brown is an excellent example. The story starts off as Young Goodman Brown begins his trip into the forest, away from his wife, Faith. The first presence of light is in the first sentence: Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset .... Now, there is light in the sun, but the significance lies in the fact that the sun is setting. TheRead MoreThe American Character Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pagesextinguished for the colonists to ignite the freedom that a democratic society provides. Irving’s keen writing exemplifies his historical insight in the tale â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Strong puritan beliefs are discussed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s piece of 1835 â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† An important question rises that ignites more questions on the role of God versus the devil in how we live our lives, the choices we make, and our uncertain salvation. Do we look to God or succumb to the temptation of the devilRead More Timeline of American Literature and Events Essay3022 Words   |  13 Pagesextinguished for the colonists to ignite the freedom that a democratic society provides. Irving’s keen writing exemplifies his historical insight in the tale â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Strong puritan beliefs are discussed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s piece of 1835 â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† An important question rises that ignites more questions on the role of God versus the devil in how we live our lives, the choices we make, and our uncertain salvation. Do we look to God or succumb to the temptation of the devil

Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons Free Essays

There are various treatment programs in prisons that I have discovered by contacting several organizations. I will described a wide range of programs offered to inmates that help target special needs such as education, behavioral change, spiritual awareness, vocational training, parenting classes, HIV prevention, and drug education. I will describe each treatment programs that I have found and discuss the purposes of each program. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons or any similar topic only for you Order Now A program called the Volunteer Prison Education Program was launched in July 1997 at the Rikers Island Prison. I called and spoke with Joan Bloomgarden, who described this program as a quality educational experience to inmates who would otherwise not have access to learning. This unique program involves volunteer educators to motivate inmates to help themselves, their families and one another to create a learning community within the prison system. The purpose of this program is to promote positive behavioral change, assist in prevention of crime, work cooperatively with prosecutors, and to actively involve the families of inmates in crime prevention. Courses offered are Child Development, Understanding Your Anger, Art Education in Prison: Toward Enhancing Self-Esteem, Conflict Resolution: Practical Exploration, Basic Understanding of Money Management, and Basic Eye Care. I contacted The Prison SMART Foundation Incorporated and spoke with Thomas Duffy, who was able to provide me information regarding their unique stress management and rehabilitative training program delivered to hardened criminals in U. S prisons. The purpose of this program is to teach the proper breathing techniques to help inmates reduce and manage their stress levels in order to help them think more clearly and to help them think about their actions. Taught by Prison SMART Foundation volunteers, this 6 to 10 day program utilizes advanced yoga breathing exercises and is based on the dynamic cleansing effects of the breath on the body and mind. As a result, they enjoy increased self-esteem and self-empowerment. Thousands who have completed the Prison SMART Foundation’s stress management programs are living proof. Prison administrators have reported that inmates who have participated in this program are easier to handle and exhibit less acting out in confrontational situations. I contacted the Prisoners for Christ Outreach Ministries based in Kirkland, WA, and spoke with Greg Von Tobel, to learn more information about programs offered to inmates. Prisoners For Christ services include: Church Services and Bible Studies, Two Year Bible Study Correspondence Course, One to One Visitation Outreach, Pen Pal Outreach, Special Projects Outreach, Literature, Heart to Heart Christmas Giving Program, Wives Outreach, Parent Outreach, Van Transportation Outreach, and Northwest Transitional Housing. The purposes of these services are to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the jails, prisons, and juvenile centers of the Northwest. In addition, Prisoners For Christ work with the men, women, and children who are incarcerated to become fully functioning, tax paying citizens and to assist their families. Statistics shows that last year alone, 16,326 inmates (men, women, and youth) attended these programs in 19 different institutions. About 6% of inmates made their first time commitments to the Lord Jesus Christ. I wanted to learn about several other types of treatment programs offered in prisons, so I contacted the California Department of Corrections. They have implemented several programs designed to benefit both the inmates and the public. I will briefly describe each of these programs and the purpose each one offers. The Joint Venture Program, opened its doors in 1991, where private employers can contract with the California Department of Corrections to set up their businesses on prison grounds and hire inmate workers at competitive wages. This gives inmates the ability to provide economical benefits such as providing restitution to victims, becoming taxpayers, paying support to families, compensate costs for their incarceration, and mandatory savings to provide funds after release from prison. The social benefits are the ability to develop good work habits, gain job experience, decrease inmate idleness, and to return to society motivated and skilled adults. The Mother Infant Program is designed to help mothers reestablish bonds with their children, teach them valuable skills, and prepare them to return to society as working adults. Parenting classes, pre-employment training, and drug education classes are offered to help build better parenting relationships and brighter futures for inmates while they serve their time. In parenting classes, they learn how to talk and relate to their children and how to discipline effectively. Both mothers and children may also receive counseling. In pre-employment training, they gain practical information about applying, landing and keeping a job. Since the majority of the mothers have had some sort of chemical dependency in the past, they also attend drug education classes. The classes are geared to keep them from returning to their old habits, make them aware of the dangers of drug addiction, and show them how drugs not only impair their lives, but especially their children†s. The California Conservation Camp Program intents to train and use inmates for conservation and development of natural resources. These conservation camps are located in some of the state’s most secluded wilderness areas. They provide a large force of trained crews for fire fighting, resource conservation, and emergency assignments as necessary. In addition to fire fighting, other tasks assigned to inmates are graffiti removal, reforestation, levee repair and flood control, pine bark beetle eradication and preservation, illegal dump site cleanup, wildlife habitat rehabilitation, and park and cemetery maintenance. During non-work hours inmates are involved in special projects such as repairing toys for disadvantaged children or on projects with the elderly or disabled. In some camps vocational training programs are available. In others, inmates work on a variety of special projects such as road construction and prison building, which allow them to still learn and strengthen skills. As they repay their debt to society, camp inmates provide a real economic benefit to local communities. In a typical year, they will work 2 million hours on fire fighting and fire prevention. They also will spend almost 6 million hours on conservation projects and community service activities. Those who successfully complete training at prison conservation centers in Northern and Southern California learn how their effectiveness and their lives depend upon discipline and teamwork. When the time comes for parole, inmates have been exposed to good work habits and teamwork in the camp setting. This exposure provides them with a purpose, goals, and a sense of accomplishment in doing a job well done. Computer refurbishing program, launched in 1994, was developed to refurbish used computers for California’s K-12 public schools. The California Department of Corrections trains inmates to refurbish donated computers then turns them over to the schools. Currently, the California Department of Corrections is responsible for 60 percent of all refurbished computers placed in California public schools. The donated computer equipment comes in various states of disrepair. Some computers are obsolete for business purposes, others need minor repair and still others can only be used for parts. In the first year, nearly 2,000 refurbished computers made their way to California classrooms. By the end of 1997, 13 prisons had refurbished more than 35,000 computers for California schools, saving them close to $33 million. Through this program, the inmates learn and practice skills that will help prepare them for a future outside prison. I contacted San Quentin State Prison, and spoke to Barry Zack, to find out about any treatment programs offered. One particular program called HIV Prevention Education is required for all men entering the prison. This program offered since 1986, is to help inmates see the personal side to HIV, increase perception of risk, increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and reduce the risk of HIV, STDs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in prison and after release. Since 1991, inmates have received comprehensive peer education training to work as peer educators. The training covers several topics such as public speaking techniques, awareness of alcohol and drugs and their impact on high-risk behaviors, HIV-related multi-cultural awareness, and HIV/AIDS in our society and in the world. About 40 peer educators are trained each year. After training, the peer educators conducts various services such as teaching an HIV prevention orientation class, providing individual counseling, and providing prevention case management. Two different programs are offered to inmates prior to their release from prison. One program is specifically for HIV + inmates and is offered as a two-week, 8 session intervention that includes such topics as self-esteem, health maintenance, community resources, stress management, substance use, legal issues, and barriers to care after release. The other program, conducted two weeks prior to an inmate†s release, offers individual sessions to discuss preventing, acquiring, or transmitting HIV after release from prison. Topics covered include using condoms, avoiding drug and alcohol use, and avoiding needle sharing. I contacted The Federal Bureau of Prisons where they currently operate 42 residential treatment programs with an annual capacity of over 6,000 participants. For the 30 percent of Federal inmates who have a history of moderate to severe substance abuse this program is able to provide drug treatment to all inmates who need it and are willing to accept it. This program offers inmates up to 500 hours of treatment, which focuses on individual responsibility and to deter future criminal behavior. The goal of this program is to help identify, confront, and alter their attitudes, values, and thinking patterns that led them to their criminal behavior and drug or alcohol use. This program includes sessions on Screening and Assessment, Treatment Orientation, Criminal Lifestyle Confrontation, Cognitive Skill Building, Relapse Prevention, Interpersonal Skill Building, and Wellness. I have found these treatment programs to be suitable and adequate. Each organization, I spoke with has concluded that these programs not only offers benefits to the individual but also to society as a whole. There are economic and social benefits that can be gained from these programs that I have just described. I have listed a wide range of programs that help target special needs for inmates that may help deter future criminal behavior. We need these programs to help rehabilitate these inmates while they are serving their time in jail. It has been stressed that jail alone cannot deter a criminal from reoffending. By providing these various programs to inmates, we can help them become drug-free, educated, hard-working individuals prior to being released from prison. Hopefully, whatever program an inmate has participated in can help change their behavioral patterns, which may help reduce the rate of recidivism. How to cite Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons, Papers Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons Free Essays There are various treatment programs in prisons that I have discovered by contacting several organizations. I will described a wide range of programs offered to inmates that help target special needs such as education, behavioral change, spiritual awareness, vocational training, parenting classes, HIV prevention, and drug education. I will describe each treatment programs that I have found and discuss the purposes of each program. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons or any similar topic only for you Order Now A program called the Volunteer Prison Education Program was launched in July 1997 at the Rikers Island Prison. I called and spoke with Joan Bloomgarden, who described this program as a quality educational experience to inmates who would otherwise not have access to learning. This unique program involves volunteer educators to motivate inmates to help themselves, their families and one another to create a learning community within the prison system. The purpose of this program is to promote positive behavioral change, assist in prevention of crime, work cooperatively with prosecutors, and to actively involve the families of inmates in crime prevention. Courses offered are Child Development, Understanding Your Anger, Art Education in Prison: Toward Enhancing Self-Esteem, Conflict Resolution: Practical Exploration, Basic Understanding of Money Management, and Basic Eye Care. I contacted The Prison SMART Foundation Incorporated and spoke with Thomas Duffy, who was able to provide me information regarding their unique stress management and rehabilitative training program delivered to hardened criminals in U. S prisons. The purpose of this program is to teach the proper breathing techniques to help inmates reduce and manage their stress levels in order to help them think more clearly and to help them think about their actions. Taught by Prison SMART Foundation volunteers, this 6 to 10 day program utilizes advanced yoga breathing exercises and is based on the dynamic cleansing effects of the breath on the body and mind. As a result, they enjoy increased self-esteem and self-empowerment. Thousands who have completed the Prison SMART Foundation’s stress management programs are living proof. Prison administrators have reported that inmates who have participated in this program are easier to handle and exhibit less acting out in confrontational situations. I contacted the Prisoners for Christ Outreach Ministries based in Kirkland, WA, and spoke with Greg Von Tobel, to learn more information about programs offered to inmates. Prisoners For Christ services include: Church Services and Bible Studies, Two Year Bible Study Correspondence Course, One to One Visitation Outreach, Pen Pal Outreach, Special Projects Outreach, Literature, Heart to Heart Christmas Giving Program, Wives Outreach, Parent Outreach, Van Transportation Outreach, and Northwest Transitional Housing. The purposes of these services are to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the jails, prisons, and juvenile centers of the Northwest. In addition, Prisoners For Christ work with the men, women, and children who are incarcerated to become fully functioning, tax paying citizens and to assist their families. Statistics shows that last year alone, 16,326 inmates (men, women, and youth) attended these programs in 19 different institutions. About 6% of inmates made their first time commitments to the Lord Jesus Christ. I wanted to learn about several other types of treatment programs offered in prisons, so I contacted the California Department of Corrections. They have implemented several programs designed to benefit both the inmates and the public. I will briefly describe each of these programs and the purpose each one offers. The Joint Venture Program, opened its doors in 1991, where private employers can contract with the California Department of Corrections to set up their businesses on prison grounds and hire inmate workers at competitive wages. This gives inmates the ability to provide economical benefits such as providing restitution to victims, becoming taxpayers, paying support to families, compensate costs for their incarceration, and mandatory savings to provide funds after release from prison. The social benefits are the ability to develop good work habits, gain job experience, decrease inmate idleness, and to return to society motivated and skilled adults. The Mother Infant Program is designed to help mothers reestablish bonds with their children, teach them valuable skills, and prepare them to return to society as working adults. Parenting classes, pre-employment training, and drug education classes are offered to help build better parenting relationships and brighter futures for inmates while they serve their time. In parenting classes, they learn how to talk and relate to their children and how to discipline effectively. Both mothers and children may also receive counseling. In pre-employment training, they gain practical information about applying, landing and keeping a job. Since the majority of the mothers have had some sort of chemical dependency in the past, they also attend drug education classes. The classes are geared to keep them from returning to their old habits, make them aware of the dangers of drug addiction, and show them how drugs not only impair their lives, but especially their children†s. The California Conservation Camp Program intents to train and use inmates for conservation and development of natural resources. These conservation camps are located in some of the state’s most secluded wilderness areas. They provide a large force of trained crews for fire fighting, resource conservation, and emergency assignments as necessary. In addition to fire fighting, other tasks assigned to inmates are graffiti removal, reforestation, levee repair and flood control, pine bark beetle eradication and preservation, illegal dump site cleanup, wildlife habitat rehabilitation, and park and cemetery maintenance. During non-work hours inmates are involved in special projects such as repairing toys for disadvantaged children or on projects with the elderly or disabled. In some camps vocational training programs are available. In others, inmates work on a variety of special projects such as road construction and prison building, which allow them to still learn and strengthen skills. As they repay their debt to society, camp inmates provide a real economic benefit to local communities. In a typical year, they will work 2 million hours on fire fighting and fire prevention. They also will spend almost 6 million hours on conservation projects and community service activities. Those who successfully complete training at prison conservation centers in Northern and Southern California learn how their effectiveness and their lives depend upon discipline and teamwork. When the time comes for parole, inmates have been exposed to good work habits and teamwork in the camp setting. This exposure provides them with a purpose, goals, and a sense of accomplishment in doing a job well done. Computer refurbishing program, launched in 1994, was developed to refurbish used computers for California’s K-12 public schools. The California Department of Corrections trains inmates to refurbish donated computers then turns them over to the schools. Currently, the California Department of Corrections is responsible for 60 percent of all refurbished computers placed in California public schools. The donated computer equipment comes in various states of disrepair. Some computers are obsolete for business purposes, others need minor repair and still others can only be used for parts. In the first year, nearly 2,000 refurbished computers made their way to California classrooms. By the end of 1997, 13 prisons had refurbished more than 35,000 computers for California schools, saving them close to $33 million. Through this program, the inmates learn and practice skills that will help prepare them for a future outside prison. I contacted San Quentin State Prison, and spoke to Barry Zack, to find out about any treatment programs offered. One particular program called HIV Prevention Education is required for all men entering the prison. This program offered since 1986, is to help inmates see the personal side to HIV, increase perception of risk, increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and reduce the risk of HIV, STDs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in prison and after release. Since 1991, inmates have received comprehensive peer education training to work as peer educators. The training covers several topics such as public speaking techniques, awareness of alcohol and drugs and their impact on high-risk behaviors, HIV-related multi-cultural awareness, and HIV/AIDS in our society and in the world. About 40 peer educators are trained each year. After training, the peer educators conducts various services such as teaching an HIV prevention orientation class, providing individual counseling, and providing prevention case management. Two different programs are offered to inmates prior to their release from prison. One program is specifically for HIV + inmates and is offered as a two-week, 8 session intervention that includes such topics as self-esteem, health maintenance, community resources, stress management, substance use, legal issues, and barriers to care after release. The other program, conducted two weeks prior to an inmate†s release, offers individual sessions to discuss preventing, acquiring, or transmitting HIV after release from prison. Topics covered include using condoms, avoiding drug and alcohol use, and avoiding needle sharing. I contacted The Federal Bureau of Prisons where they currently operate 42 residential treatment programs with an annual capacity of over 6,000 participants. For the 30 percent of Federal inmates who have a history of moderate to severe substance abuse this program is able to provide drug treatment to all inmates who need it and are willing to accept it. This program offers inmates up to 500 hours of treatment, which focuses on individual responsibility and to deter future criminal behavior. The goal of this program is to help identify, confront, and alter their attitudes, values, and thinking patterns that led them to their criminal behavior and drug or alcohol use. This program includes sessions on Screening and Assessment, Treatment Orientation, Criminal Lifestyle Confrontation, Cognitive Skill Building, Relapse Prevention, Interpersonal Skill Building, and Wellness. I have found these treatment programs to be suitable and adequate. Each organization, I spoke with has concluded that these programs not only offers benefits to the individual but also to society as a whole. There are economic and social benefits that can be gained from these programs that I have just described. I have listed a wide range of programs that help target special needs for inmates that may help deter future criminal behavior. We need these programs to help rehabilitate these inmates while they are serving their time in jail. It has been stressed that jail alone cannot deter a criminal from reoffending. By providing these various programs to inmates, we can help them become drug-free, educated, hard-working individuals prior to being released from prison. Hopefully, whatever program an inmate has participated in can help change their behavioral patterns, which may help reduce the rate of recidivism. How to cite Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons, Essay examples

Computer Industry Business Strategy of HP

Question: Discuss the business strategy of HP in computer industry. Answer: Introduction: Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is a multinational computer hardware and software corporate organization also providing IT services and consulting ("About HP", 2016). The company headquarter is in California, the United States of America and the present CEO is Meg Whitman. The company was founded in the year 1935 when it initially manufactures electronic test equipment. Walt Disney was one of its initial customers. In the 1970s, the company first started to manufacture computers for business servers, which were commonly used in ATM and petrol stations. In the 1990s, the management expanded its computer line targeting the university and school students and business houses. In 2001, the company merged with Compaq, which helped HP to become the market leader regarding laptop, desktop and server manufacturer. From 2007to2013, HP retained its position as No. 1 regarding sales of personal computers. It operates across globally in more than 170 countries and has a revenue flow of billion doll ars yearly. HP is ranked as 44th amongst the Fortune Global 500 companies. The core business of HP is managing large-scale business projects, and the organization depends greatly on project management to generate preferred outcome. Organizational Structure and Governance: According to scholars, organizational structure, and the controls, it has in the process affects the performance of the organization (Porter, 2008). Once, the organization's strategy does not match with the structure and controls, the performance of the organization decreases. The present CEO of HP is Meg Whitman and the board of directors has twelve members and has four standing committees: CSR, IT and finance committee, HR and audit. The purpose of the board members is to determine the power, duties, and responsibilities delegated to the committees. HPs boards of directors are responsible for the management of the business process. The Boards function is to supervise the management and governance of the HP and to keep an eye on senior managements performance. The company aims to build a sustainable business environment where stakeholders are brand loyal, which will help in brand sustainability. The IT giant plans to gain the trust of its stakeholders by implementing integrity, resp ect, and fairness in the business process. According to the company website, all members who are parts of HP (employee and board of directors) are bound to follow the Standards of Business Conduct set as per company policy. The organization follows a set of ethics within the organization as well as with customers and suppliers. The IT giant encourages stakeholders to be communicating with the management and bring notice to issues that do not seem right or ethical. The organization maintains confidentiality about stakeholders and their information. HPs Corporate Governance Guidelines strictly followed, revised, and updated regularly. To support the Board in gratifying its responsibilities for usually supervision and management of HPs public affairs, especially about the policies and processes involving to HPs public policy and government activities. HP maintains high standards of confidentiality and secrecy about the information of its stakeholders. The organization only shares sensi tive and confidential information outside of the company only with certified authorities and have to sign a confidential disclosure agreement. All, HP products and services are sold only through HP authorized dealers and suppliers in diverse geographical locations maintaining local governance and policies. HP is regarded as one of the most socially responsible corporate house, and it has designed and manufactured products, which are reusable and recyclable (Www8.hp.com, 2016). The company is also planning to reduce usage of energy resources, water, and other resources where possible. The company maintains strict guidelines and standards that are to be maintained by its partners and suppliers. If any partners or suppliers fails to meet the quality standard or violates the guidelines, their licenses are canceled without any notice. In 2012, HP ranked second in the Greenpeace International ranking. Competitive Advantage of HP: The world economy is experiencing an enormous growth and development as well competitiveness among the business organization. Information Technology industry is one of the fastest growing and competitive sectors (Bharadwaj et al., 2013). Therefore, to sustain in this competition, a business organization needs to create sustainable value for the stakeholders for stronger and effective market presence (Wagner Hollenbeck, 2014). As the IT business sector continues to accelerate and customers are becoming more demanding and refined, business organizations are experiencing the competitive landing spectacularly shifting. The HP is constantly working and investing in its research and development department for new and innovative developments in products and services. It has the ability and has sustainably maintained the competitive advantage in the thriving it sector. Ease in the process including the services initiating from printers, desktops, after sales services, software and IT infras tructure for customers usability. The management has always maintained a corporate culture on incorporation and strengthening from significant opposites position. The functional aspect of this application is, utilizing the advantages of the approaches tackling related risks, and there is another way the competitive advantage of HP Company is through developing cross-functional individuals (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The human resource department hires individuals, who are highly productive and the individual has to work in more than 4 to 5 departments within the organization to the better understanding of organization's culture, objective, and competencies. HP effectively manages the knowledge within the organization which helps in cutting down on product cost. The organization believes in the development of workforce bring productive change in the company's performance (Kaynak et al., 2013). Moreover, HP has always highlighted and strengthens importance on quality maintained in their p roducts and services. The quality of products and services of HP has always put forward in accordance to its competitors. In 2016, HP joined the RE 100 to commit to 100% renewable electricity at the business process, proposing in the transformation of the global energy market. HP is continuously developing, implementing and scaling programs and societal investments to help transformation making simplifying how people live and work. For instance, in 2014, the company committed to reducing greenhouse grass from its production process by 2020. That made HP the only IT organization to have committed GHG emission reduction from its process. To provide better protection and security to its employees and staffs, HP has introduced Foreign Migrant Worker Standard for employees working overseas as well as domestic. Leadership in HP: Effective leadership in an organization assists to guide during recession and turmoil times. Successful leadership is capable of influencing others, makes decisions in day-to-day business activities in business, and has the vision for long-term organizations goals and objective (Senge, 1991). The significant feature of strategic leadership is shared value and vision to lead. In cooperation of which will facilitate and let human resources to formulate decisions with minimum proper monitoring or organized system. If properly implemented an organization will have more time and a greater ability to focus on other business activities, and face unprepared and sudden issues and challenges, such as adjusting the visualization to improving the business environment (House et al., 2013). As well, strategic leadership will include farsighted and managerial leadership by at the same time allowing for risk-taking and rationality. Briefly, managerial leaders require to regulate and constancy and to be capable of managing the feature of the job being performed. Mostly, these leaders have no private involvement towards identifying and setting objectives as motivational tools, and they may have complexity presentation understanding when commencing with staff (Rothaermel, 2015). Hp is a multinational business organization, with the diverse market and human resource, needs an effective strategic leadership to sustain its strategic position in the competitive it sector. The present CEO Meg Whitman was appointed in the succession of Leo Apotheker by the board of directors, and Ray Lane became Executive Chairman (Www8.hp.com, 2016). Mrs. Whitman announced to continue the strategy of the organization but revising the PC division. She has been well known for her job roles in the IT sector. However, the overall view of the staffs of HP was demoralized and skeptical by her appointment. According to her, managing top management and bottom management is not difficult, but the middle management creates many challenges for a CEO. Whitman also stated that a company should not over emphasize on the shortcomings rather concentrate and improve the existing potential resources. One of the most important decisions taken by the Whitman leadership is that, in November 2015, HP decided to split into two companies, HP Inc., and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise. Conclusion: The information technology is fast evolving with new and innovative advancements. The completion in the market is ever rising with new market players emerging and rising awareness and sophistication of customers regarding technology and services. To meet the customers demand and gain the competitive advantage in the IT sector a business organization should be adaptable to change and innovative in its product and services. HP has been a market leader in the business servers and personal computers and desktops. The company is facing some recent challenges regarding the market competition and economic stress. The management of the organization has taken steps to confront the challenges and retain its sustainability and market position. Reference: About HP | HP United Kingdom. (2016). Www8.hp.com. 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